'Unless I have 4% agri growth, GDP growth of 9% will not be possible'

'Unless I have 4% agri growth, GDP growth of 9% will not be possible'

Friday February 26, 2010 08:19 pm PST

Finance Minister Pranab Mukherjee speaks to MK Venu on the general philosophy behind the budget

What is the general philosophy behind this Budget?

 

First, I had indicated in my Budget speech last year that I would like to come back to the path of fiscal consolidation as soon as the process of recovery starts. We injected Rs 1,86,000 crore through three stimulus packages last year. The issue was how quickly we can come back to the path of fiscal consolidation. Then the CSO's projections of 7.2% growth for the year 2009-10 and the indication in the first two quarters growth of 6.1% and 7.9%, respectively clearly show that it is possible to enter into a higher growth trajectory.

 

These two were the objectives, in addition to the UPA government's article of faith: inclusive growth. I had to address the problems of the vulnerable sections of society. And then, unless I have 4% growth in agriculture on a sustainable basis over the medium term at least, it would not be possible to have 9% GDP growth. Keeping these objectives in mind, out of the Rs 3,73,000-crore Plan allocation, more than Rs 1,37,000 crore has been invested in the social sectors. Nearly 46% of the total Plan allocations are for infrastructure, 25% of which is for rural infrastructure.

 

Here is the strategy I have adopted: I will give priority to those sectors, which will help me reach inclusive growth, and in my taxation proposals I also wanted to match the higher allocation of resources through the planned route. In agriculture, a 30-31% step-up has been made in the total Plan allocation. I have also given a series of concessions customs duty concession, excise duty concession, fiscal concession so that it can help the agri sector.

 

You've done a lot for agriculture. And as part of your inclusive growth strategy you have also given a lot of relief to the salaried class. So, where are you making this up in overall tax collection and where is the money coming from?

 

I will tell you where the money is coming from. I have given a concession of about Rs 26,000 crore on direct taxes. I have marked out additional resources of about Rs 46,000 crore and am looking at 5% customs duty on petroleum products and Re 1 per litre excise duty on petrol and diesel. Plus, I have conveyed that goods and services taxes should be at par, both are at 10% because I had brought down the excise duty last year.

 

Then, we are going for GST. Then the income-tax concession that I have given to people will give them surplus income. They will spend not only on consumer goods, which will generate demand. I am creating more job opportunities by making additional allocations in NREGA and other rural development programmes.

 

Every measure I have taken in this Budget conveys a message that is not a disjointed, isolated message. This is one common directed message: growth, inclusive growth, rural development, and sustainable higher GDP growth, including one of the most important components, which is agriculture.

 

You also have Rs 40,000 crore as capital receipts under the PSU disinvestment head. Will it be entirely used for capital expenditure?

 

Divestment is important. The proceeds from disinvestment will be used to create a corpus. A part of the corpus will be invested in capital expenditure and the priority will be the social sector. But because of the difficult financial situation, the Cabinet has given me leverage to use the entire corpus not just in the income, but also in capital investment with a priority on the social sector.

 

You have decided to accept the Finance Commission recommendations and will reduce by 2014 the overall debt-to-GDP ratio by 12%. How will you do that?

 

I have stated that I will bring out a road map in the next six months.

 

You have committed yourself to a GST road map, which can be the biggest fiscal stimulus the economy will receive, of April 2011. Do you think there will be a political consensus in the months ahead?

 

I think it is possible to have the consensus because we have worked hard and the state finance ministers have already identified the areas of agreement. The scope of disagreement is disappearing. The 13th Finance Commission has also made a recommendation that in case there is a loss, it has indicated that about Rs 50,000 crore will be available within the next five years to meet the compensation requirement of the states.

 

You are a consensus builder. So, are you confident that politically sensitive sectors like real estate, liquor, and other high revenue generating activities can be brought into the GST net? Will there not be a political problem?

 

Rather, GST will straighten out the issue. I am very confident that once we introduce it and implement it, it will be a win-win situation. If the rate is moderate and compliance is better, there is no reason why problems should crop up.

 

You have outlined an ambitious financial inclusion plan for 60,000 rural habitation with a minimum 2,000 population. Do you think you will be able to meet the deadline?

 

I think with new models of banking it could be possible. These are ambitious targets and we have seen that targets have been surpassed in certain areas. For instance, having set the target of 15% of priority sector lending that should go to minority communities, now we are reaching there.

 

This year, the borrowings you have planned are less than last year's. Are you still certain that this will not put pressure on interest rates if private economic activity picks up further?

 

No, I don't think so. But RBI will always monitor it. As far as the management of the borrowing is concerned, I'll do it in consultation with RBI. Timing will be important. You know the point of time the private industry comes to the market, they want to raise resources. The presence of the government at that point of time in the market may elbow them out. Therefore, the timing will have to be adjusted.

 

You have stated clearly that you will not resort to below-the-line accounting for oil and fertiliser subsidies. You would rather pay upfront subsidy from the Budget. Suppose international oil prices shoot up dramatically in a few months, how will you pay for that?

 

If that happens, we will do something. Maybe adjust it in the books of oil companies for some time.

 

You have shown Rs 74,000 crore of receipts under 'miscellaneous non-tax receipts'. Is revenue from 3G auctions part of this?

 

Yes, some part of it will come from the 3G spectrum auction.

 

Southee and McCullum seal super NZ win

A superb match needed a Super Over to split the teams and New Zealand prevailed to repay Brendon McCullum for his amazing century. McCullum became the second-highest scorer in a Twenty20 international with an unbeaten 116, but after Michael Clarke and Cameron White exploded in the reply the scores were tied at 214 after 40 overs.

A six-ball tiebreaker was required and the calm Tim Southee delivered another tight over to allow only six runs for White, David Warner and Brad Haddin. Shaun Tait's waywardness, including two wides, assisted the locals and Martin Guptill finished the game with a four over point from the third legitimate delivery.

The hosts were upset by a meek performance in Friday's one-sided defeat, but McCullum showed his might with an unforgettable 56-ball demolition on a small ground that was rocking at the start and the end. Things were much quieter as Clarke organised the chase with 67 from 45 and White provided some much-needed muscle with 64 off 26 in a pursuit that was almost perfectly timed. However, Clarke and White could only scurry two from the final ball when three were required, with Clarke run out well short of his ground.

Needing two off almost every delivery throughout the second innings, the Australians managed to stay on track after Warner departed for a McCullum-style 20 off 10. Haddin (47 off 37) and Clarke, who was travelling much quicker than his usual pace, were able to stay close to the rate so they required 125 from the final 60 balls.

James Franklin slowed things down briefly with the wickets of Haddin and David Hussey (10) before White's brute force arrived. White warmed up with a six over cover off Daniel Vettori, then caressed an inside-out clearance in the same area and was dropped on the boundary attempting a third.

He then powered two fours and a six off Franklin before flicking Shane Bond into the spectators at square leg. The 13 that came from Bond's final over left Australia wanting 36 off 18 deliveries, but the first of three magically controlled Southee efforts made it 30 from 12.

White survived a run-out and found two boundaries and a six down the ground off Jacob Oram to cut the margin to 12. In Southee's final over the bowler showed the maturity of a 30-year-old, not a boy who is 21, by delivering more pin-point yorkers to keep his side in the game.

And he proved it wasn't a fluke by doing it again in the Super Over. The result levelled the series and delivered Australia their first loss of their summer while setting up an intriguing five-match one-day contest beginning on Wednesday.

Despite the flurry of absorbing action at the end, it was McCullum's fireworks over the first half of the match that were the highlight. He showered boundaries around the tiny stadium and the change in attitude left the Australians, who had rested Mitchell Johnson and Shane Watson, wondering if there was any way to stop the run avalanche. They were able to slow it a couple of times, but McCullum carried his team through the loss of six wickets and achieved the side's highest total.

His hundred came up in 50 balls, equalling the record of Chris Gayle, the only other century-maker in this format. It was achieved with a single to deep cover, at which point the batsman ripped off his helmet to take in the applause, but he was not finished and carried his bat. Nathan McCullum joined his brother at the end, getting 14 in a 50-run stand in 3.2 overs on an afternoon that stunned everyone.

The big crowd of 26,148 was sprinkled by McCullum's eight sixes and he backed up with a dozen fours during the barrage. Four of the boundaries came with "McScoops" past or over the wicketkeeper, but that was nothing compared to the two sixes he managed to shovel behind himself off Tait. It was brave and brutal - one of the clearances off Tait came from a 155kph thunderbolt.

McCullum proved he wouldn't be intimidated by Australia's quick bowlers when he charged the third ball of the day from Tait (2 for 40) and bashed him for four through cover. There were 10 runs from the eventful over, which also contained the ugly bowled of the out-classed Peter Ingram for 0 and Tait sending a finger signal to McCullum.

In the second over McCullum planted a six through cover off Dirk Nannes' opening delivery, was almost caught next ball top edging a pull, and quickly flicked him to fine leg for a boundary. The new-ball bowlers couldn't match Friday's performance as they gave up 42 in the first four overs.

McCullum ended up on his back after his first attempt to scoop Nannes over the wicketkeeper, but he managed it the second time, with the ball just missing Haddin on the way to the boundary. He followed up by unleashing a huge six to midwicket to show he could mix the unorthodox and the traditional. Nannes returned for the 16th over and McCullum enjoyed swinging him twice into the stands on the legside as the bowler went for 51 off four.

After losing the strike in the middle stages when some of his team-mates disappeared, McCullum focused by blasting a fierce straight four off Steven Smith and brought up his half-century in the same over when he pulled to midwicket. He dusted off the scoop to surprise Daniel Christian and then pulled him for six behind square - 57 of his runs came in that segment.

Gareth Hopkins (36 off 17) was the perfect ally for McCullum as they put on 68 in five overs to regain their explosive momentum. McCullum kept going till the end and had a chance to seal the game in the Super Over, but he was as happy as every other local when Guptill squared the series.

Tendulkar First To Break 200-Run Barrier In OdIs

MEMBER OF THE NEWEST CLUB: Sachin Tendulkar acknowledges the rapturous
applause from the Gwalior crowd after reaching the 200-run milestone
against South Africa in the second Onedayer at the Roop Singh Stadium
on Wednesday

Gwalior: Never annoy the Master. And that is what the South Africans
seemed to have done when they doubted a save by Sachin Tendulkar on
the boundary during the close finish in the first One-dayer in Jaipur
on Sunday. And they got the reply three days later as a Sachin-storm
blew them away on Wednesday.
After 50 overs and 226 minutes of blast at the Captain Roop Singh
Stadium, the little champion became the first man to get a double
hundred in Onedayers, returning unbeaten on exactly 200 and helping
India post 401 for three.
He, in the process, went past the highest individual score in
ODIs, 194 which was achieved by both Saeed Anwar of Pakistan and
Charles Coventry of Zimbabwe. Despite a fighting century from AB de
Villiers, those mountain of runs proved too much of a climb for the
visitors as they crumbled to 248 all out to hand India a 153-run
victory. De Villiers returned hut unbeaten on 114 (6x2, 4x13, 101b).
That meant the hosts wrapped up the three-match series with a game
yet to be played. The series win also ensured that India retained
their No. 2 ODI ranking.
After MS Dhoni opted to bat first, it was a Tendulkar show all the
way. The maestro was in silken touch from the very start with some
breathtaking display of willow-wielding at the venue that tends to
bring out the best in him — Tendulkar has played match-winning knocks
here during his last two visits, 97 against Pakistan and 100 versus
Australia.
But none can be compared to this one. Pulling, driving, sweeping,
cutting... it seemed he was in a different zone. It was a surreal
experience for the 30,000 fans. Those lucky to be here can now tell
their grandchildren that they were there when Tendulkar was scripting
his dream sequence that contained three huge sixes and 25 boundaries
and took just 147 balls.
Suffering from cramps and fatigue in the last minutes of the
innings, he managed a single in the final over to reach the coveted
mark even as Dhoni went hammer and tongs to help India cross the
400-mark in ODIs for the third time.
It wasn't a perfect start for India with dangerman Virendra
Sehwag, declared fit to play in the morning, departing early. But with
Tendulkar looking infallible, Dinesh Karthik proved the ideal foil at
the other end and there was no stopping India. Growing in confidence
in the master's company, Karthik too made the bowlers look ordinary as
the duo put on 194 runs for the second wicket. Karthik collected 75
runs off 85 deliveries before holing out to Herschelle Gibbs at
mid-wicket off Parnell.

The UART: What it is and how it works

The UART: What it is and how it works

Copyright © 1996 Frank Durda IV <uhclem@FreeBSD.org>, All Rights Reserved. 13 January 1996.

The Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter (UART) controller is the key component of the serial communications subsystem of a computer. The UART takes bytes of data and transmits the individual bits in a sequential fashion. At the destination, a second UART re-assembles the bits into complete bytes.

Serial transmission is commonly used with modems and for non-networked communication between computers, terminals and other devices.

There are two primary forms of serial transmission: Synchronous and Asynchronous. Depending on the modes that are supported by the hardware, the name of the communication sub-system will usually include a A if it supports Asynchronous communications, and a S if it supports Synchronous communications. Both forms are described below.

Some common acronyms are:

UART Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter

USART Universal Synchronous-Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter

1.1 Synchronous Serial Transmission

Synchronous serial transmission requires that the sender and receiver share a clock with one another, or that the sender provide a strobe or other timing signal so that the receiver knows when to "read" the next bit of the data. In most forms of serial Synchronous communication, if there is no data available at a given instant to transmit, a fill character must be sent instead so that data is always being transmitted. Synchronous communication is usually more efficient because only data bits are transmitted between sender and receiver, and synchronous communication can be more costly if extra wiring and circuits are required to share a clock signal between the sender and receiver.

A form of Synchronous transmission is used with printers and fixed disk devices in that the data is sent on one set of wires while a clock or strobe is sent on a different wire. Printers and fixed disk devices are not normally serial devices because most fixed disk interface standards send an entire word of data for each clock or strobe signal by using a separate wire for each bit of the word. In the PC industry, these are known as Parallel devices.

The standard serial communications hardware in the PC does not support Synchronous operations. This mode is described here for comparison purposes only.

1.2 Asynchronous Serial Transmission

Asynchronous transmission allows data to be transmitted without the sender having to send a clock signal to the receiver. Instead, the sender and receiver must agree on timing parameters in advance and special bits are added to each word which are used to synchronize the sending and receiving units.

When a word is given to the UART for Asynchronous transmissions, a bit called the "Start Bit" is added to the beginning of each word that is to be transmitted. The Start Bit is used to alert the receiver that a word of data is about to be sent, and to force the clock in the receiver into synchronization with the clock in the transmitter. These two clocks must be accurate enough to not have the frequency drift by more than 10% during the transmission of the remaining bits in the word. (This requirement was set in the days of mechanical teleprinters and is easily met by modern electronic equipment.)

After the Start Bit, the individual bits of the word of data are sent, with the Least Significant Bit (LSB) being sent first. Each bit in the transmission is transmitted for exactly the same amount of time as all of the other bits, and the receiver "looks"  at the wire at approximately halfway through the period assigned to each bit to determine if the bit is a 1 or a 0. For example, if it takes two seconds to send each bit, the receiver will examine the signal to determine if it is a 1 or a 0 after one second has passed, then it will wait two seconds and then examine the value of the next bit, and so on.

The sender does not know when the receiver has "looked" at the value of the bit. The sender only knows when the clock says to begin transmitting the next bit of the word.

When the entire data word has been sent, the transmitter may add a Parity Bit that the transmitter generates. The Parity Bit may be used by the receiver to perform simple error checking. Then at least one Stop Bit is sent by the transmitter.

When the receiver has received all of the bits in the data word, it may check for the Parity Bits (both sender and receiver must agree on whether a Parity Bit is to be used), and then the receiver looks for a Stop Bit. If the Stop Bit does not appear when it is supposed to, the UART considers the entire word to be garbled and will report a Framing Error to the host processor when the data word is read. The usual cause of a Framing Error is that the sender and receiver clocks were not running at the same speed, or that the signal was interrupted.

Regardless of whether the data was received correctly or not, the UART automatically discards the Start, Parity and Stop bits. If the sender and receiver are configured identically, these bits are not passed to the host.

If another word is ready for transmission, the Start Bit for the new word can be sent as soon as the Stop Bit for the previous word has been sent.

Because asynchronous data is "self synchronizing", if there is no data to transmit, the transmission line can be idle.

1.3 Other UART Functions

In addition to the basic job of converting data from parallel to serial for transmission and from serial to parallel on reception, a UART will usually provide additional circuits for signals that can be used to indicate the state of the transmission media, and to regulate the flow of data in the event that the remote device is not prepared to accept more data. For example, when the device connected to the UART is a modem, the modem may report the presence of a carrier on the phone line while the computer may be able to instruct the modem to reset itself or to not take calls by raising or lowering one more of these extra signals. The function of each of these additional signals is defined in the EIA RS232-C standard.

1.4 The RS232-C and V.24 Standards

In most computer systems, the UART is connected to circuitry that generates signals that comply with the EIA RS232-C specification. There is also a CCITT standard named V.24 that mirrors the specifications included in RS232-C.

1.4.1 RS232-C Bit Assignments (Marks and Spaces)

In RS232-C, a value of 1 is called a Mark and a value of 0 is called a Space. When a communication line is idle, the line is said to be "Marking", or transmitting continuous 1 values.

The Start bit always has a value of 0 (a Space). The Stop Bit always has a value of 1 (a Mark). This means that there will always be a Mark (1) to Space (0) transition on the line at the start of every word, even when multiple word are transmitted back to back. This guarantees that sender and receiver can resynchronize their clocks regardless of the content of the data bits that are being transmitted.

The idle time between Stop and Start bits does not have to be an exact multiple (including zero) of the bit rate of the communication link, but most UARTs are designed this way for simplicity.

In RS232-C, the "Marking" signal (a 1) is represented by a voltage between -2 VDC and -12 VDC, and a "Spacing" signal (a 0) is represented by a voltage between 0 and +12 VDC. The transmitter is supposed to send +12 VDC or -12 VDC, and the receiver is supposed to allow for some voltage loss in long cables. Some transmitters in low power devices (like portable computers) sometimes use only +5 VDC and -5 VDC, but these values are still acceptable to a RS232-C receiver, provided that the cable lengths are short.

1.4.2 RS232-C Break Signal

RS232-C also specifies a signal called a Break, which is caused by sending continuous Spacing values (no Start or Stop bits). When there is no electricity present on the data circuit, the line is considered to be sending Break.

The Break signal must be of a duration longer than the time it takes to send a complete byte plus Start, Stop and Parity bits. Most UARTs can distinguish between a Framing Error and a Break, but if the UART cannot do this, the Framing Error detection can be used to identify Breaks.

In the days of teleprinters, when numerous printers around the country were wired in series (such as news services), any unit could cause a Break by temporarily opening the entire circuit so that no current flowed. This was used to allow a location with urgent news to interrupt some other location that was currently sending information.

In modern systems there are two types of Break signals. If the Break is longer than 1.6 seconds, it is considered a "Modem Break", and some modems can be programmed to terminate the conversation and go on-hook or enter the modems' command mode when the modem detects this signal. If the Break is smaller than 1.6 seconds, it signifies a Data Break and it is up to the remote computer to respond to this signal. Sometimes this form of Break is used as an Attention or Interrupt signal and sometimes is accepted as a substitute for the ASCII CONTROL-C character.

Marks and Spaces are also equivalent to "Holes" and "No Holes" in paper tape systems.

Note: Breaks cannot be generated from paper tape or from any other byte value, since bytes are always sent with Start and Stop bit. The UART is usually capable of generating the continuous Spacing signal in response to a special command from the host processor.

1.4.3 RS232-C DTE and DCE Devices

The RS232-C specification defines two types of equipment: the Data Terminal Equipment (DTE) and the Data Carrier Equipment (DCE). Usually, the DTE device is the terminal (or computer), and the DCE is a modem. Across the phone line at the other end of a conversation, the receiving modem is also a DCE device and the computer that is connected to that modem is a DTE device. The DCE device receives signals on the pins that the DTE device transmits on, and vice versa.

When two devices that are both DTE or both DCE must be connected together without a modem or a similar media translater between them, a NULL modem must be used. The NULL modem electrically re-arranges the cabling so that the transmitter output is connected to the receiver input on the other device, and vice versa. Similar translations are performed on all of the control signals so that each device will see what it thinks are DCE (or DTE) signals from the other device.

The number of signals generated by the DTE and DCE devices are not symmetrical. The DTE device generates fewer signals for the DCE device than the DTE device receives from the DCE.

1.4.4 RS232-C Pin Assignments

The EIA RS232-C specification (and the ITU equivalent, V.24) calls for a twenty-five pin connector (usually a DB25) and defines the purpose of most of the pins in that connector.

In the IBM Personal Computer and similar systems, a subset of RS232-C signals are provided via nine pin connectors (DB9). The signals that are not included on the PC connector deal mainly with synchronous operation, and this transmission mode is not supported by the UART that IBM selected for use in the IBM PC.

Depending on the computer manufacturer, a DB25, a DB9, or both types of connector may be used for RS232-C communications. (The IBM PC also uses a DB25 connector for the parallel printer interface which causes some confusion.)

Below is a table of the RS232-C signal assignments in the DB25 and DB9 connectors.

DB25 RS232-C Pin	DB9 IBM PC Pin	EIA Circuit Symbol	CCITT Circuit Symbol	Common Name	Signal Source	Description
1	-	AA	101	PG/FG	-	Frame/Protective Ground
2	3	BA	103	TD	DTE	Transmit Data
3	2	BB	104	RD	DCE	Receive Data
4	7	CA	105	RTS	DTE	Request to Send
5	8	CB	106	CTS	DCE	Clear to Send
6	6	CC	107	DSR	DCE	Data Set Ready
7	5	AV	102	SG/GND	-	Signal Ground
8	1	CF	109	DCD/CD	DCE	Data Carrier Detect
9	-	-	-	-	-	Reserved for Test
10	-	-	-	-	-	Reserved for Test
11	-	-	-	-	-	Reserved for Test
12	-	CI	122	SRLSD	DCE	Sec. Recv. Line Signal Detector
13	-	SCB	121	SCTS	DCE	Secondary Clear to Send
14	-	SBA	118	STD	DTE	Secondary Transmit Data
15	-	DB	114	TSET	DCE	Trans. Sig. Element Timing
16	-	SBB	119	SRD	DCE	Secondary Received Data
17	-	DD	115	RSET	DCE	Receiver Signal Element Timing
18	-	-	141	LOOP	DTE	Local Loopback
19	-	SCA	120	SRS	DTE	Secondary Request to Send
20	4	CD	108.2	DTR	DTE	Data Terminal Ready
21	-	-	-	RDL	DTE	Remote Digital Loopback
22	9	CE	125	RI	DCE	Ring Indicator
23	-	CH	111	DSRS	DTE	Data Signal Rate Selector
24	-	DA	113	TSET	DTE	Trans. Sig. Element Timing
25	-	-	142	-	DCE	Test Mode

1.5 Bits, Baud and Symbols

Baud is a measurement of transmission speed in asynchronous communication. Because of advances in modem communication technology, this term is frequently misused when describing the data rates in newer devices.

Traditionally, a Baud Rate represents the number of bits that are actually being sent over the media, not the amount of data that is actually moved from one DTE device to the other. The Baud count includes the overhead bits Start, Stop and Parity that are generated by the sending UART and removed by the receiving UART. This means that seven-bit words of data actually take 10 bits to be completely transmitted. Therefore, a modem capable of moving 300 bits per second from one place to another can normally only move 30 7-bit words if Parity is used and one Start and Stop bit are present.

If 8-bit data words are used and Parity bits are also used, the data rate falls to 27.27 words per second, because it now takes 11 bits to send the eight-bit words, and the modem still only sends 300 bits per second.

The formula for converting bytes per second into a baud rate and vice versa was simple until error-correcting modems came along. These modems receive the serial stream of bits from the UART in the host computer (even when internal modems are used the data is still frequently serialized) and converts the bits back into bytes. These bytes are then combined into packets and sent over the phone line using a Synchronous transmission method. This means that the Stop, Start, and Parity bits added by the UART in the DTE (the computer) were removed by the modem before transmission by the sending modem. When these bytes are received by the remote modem, the remote modem adds Start, Stop and Parity bits to the words, converts them to a serial format and then sends them to the receiving UART in the remote computer, who then strips the Start, Stop and Parity bits.

The reason all these extra conversions are done is so that the two modems can perform error correction, which means that the receiving modem is able to ask the sending modem to resend a block of data that was not received with the correct checksum. This checking is handled by the modems, and the DTE devices are usually unaware that the process is occurring.

By striping the Start, Stop and Parity bits, the additional bits of data that the two modems must share between themselves to perform error-correction are mostly concealed from the effective transmission rate seen by the sending and receiving DTE equipment. For example, if a modem sends ten 7-bit words to another modem without including the Start, Stop and Parity bits, the sending modem will be able to add 30 bits of its own information that the receiving modem can use to do error-correction without impacting the transmission speed of the real data.

The use of the term Baud is further confused by modems that perform compression. A single 8-bit word passed over the telephone line might represent a dozen words that were transmitted to the sending modem. The receiving modem will expand the data back to its original content and pass that data to the receiving DTE.

Modern modems also include buffers that allow the rate that bits move across the phone line (DCE to DCE) to be a different speed than the speed that the bits move between the DTE and DCE on both ends of the conversation. Normally the speed between the DTE and DCE is higher than the DCE to DCE speed because of the use of compression by the modems.

Because the number of bits needed to describe a byte varied during the trip between the two machines plus the differing bits-per-seconds speeds that are used present on the DTE-DCE and DCE-DCE links, the usage of the term Baud to describe the overall communication speed causes problems and can misrepresent the true transmission speed. So Bits Per Second (bps) is the correct term to use to describe the transmission rate seen at the DCE to DCE interface and Baud or Bits Per Second are acceptable terms to use when a connection is made between two systems with a wired connection, or if a modem is in use that is not performing error-correction or compression.

Modern high speed modems (2400, 9600, 14,400, and 19,200bps) in reality still operate at or below 2400 baud, or more accurately, 2400 Symbols per second. High speed modem are able to encode more bits of data into each Symbol using a technique called Constellation Stuffing, which is why the effective bits per second rate of the modem is higher, but the modem continues to operate within the limited audio bandwidth that the telephone system provides. Modems operating at 28,800 and higher speeds have variable Symbol rates, but the technique is the same.

ENGINEERING ENTRANCE EXAM NOTIFICATIONS 2010

1. BITSAT 2010 - Birla Institute of Science & Technology Admission
2. IIST Admission Test (ISAT-2010)
3. AIEEE 2010 NOTIFICATION
4. KERALA ENTRANCE EXAMINATIONS FOR ADMISSION TO ENGINEERING COURSES - 2010
5. AMRITA VISHWA VIDYAPEETHAM ENTRANCE EXAMINATION-ENGINEERING-2010
6. VITEEE
7. EAMCET
8. BCECE
9. Combined Entrance Examination(CEE)
10. GUJCET
11. GCET
12. Haryana Common Engineering Entrance Test ( CEET)
13. JCECEB
14. Karnataka Common Entrance Test (CET).
16. BITSAT 2010 - Birla Institute of Science & Technology Admission
    Computer Based Online Test for Admission to Integrated First Degree programmes of BITS, Pilani, 2010-11
    BITSAT Online Tests
    Admissions to Integrated first degree programmes, at Pilani campus, Goa campus and Hyderabad Campus for I Semester 2010-11 will be made through a computer based online test conducted by BITS. This test is referred to as ' BITS Admission Test', in short as BITSAT.
    Integrated First Degree Programmes to which admissions will be made on the basis of BITSAT-2010:
    
    1. At BITS, Pilani – Pilani Campus:
       B.E.(Hons.): Chemical, Civil, Computer Science, Electrical and Electronics, Electronics & Instrumentation, Mechanical, Manufacturing .
       B.Pharm.(Hons.);
       M.Sc.(Hons.): Biological Sciences, Chemistry, Economics, Mathematics, Physics and M.Sc.(Tech.): General Studies, Finance, Information Systems.
       
    2. At BITS, Pilani – Goa Campus:
       B.E.(Hons.): Chemical, Computer Science, Electrical and Electronics, Electronics & Instrumentation, Mechanical.
       M.Sc.(Hons.): Biological Sciences, Chemistry, Economics, Mathematics, Physics. and
       M.Sc.(Tech.): Information Systems.
       
       At BITS, Pilani – Hyderabad Campus : B.E.(Hons.): Chemical, Civil, Computer Science, Electronics & Communication, Electrical and Electronics, Mechanical. B.Pharm.(Hons.); M.Sc.(Hons.): Biological Sciences, Chemistry; Economics, Mathematics, Physics and
       M.Sc.(Tech.): Information Systems.
    
    Eligibility:
    Candidates should have passed the 12th examination of 10+2 system from a recognized Central or State board or its equivalent with Physics, Chemistry, and Mathematics. Further the candidate should have obtained a minimum of aggregate 80% marks in Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics subjects in 12th examination, with at least 60% marks in each of the Physics, Chemistry, and Mathematics subjects and should have adequate proficiency in English.
    Students who are appearing for 12th examination in 2010 or who have passed 12th Examination in 2009 only are eligible to appear in the BITSAT-2010 test.
    
    BITSAT 2010 Important Dates
    Deadline to apply for BITSAT-2010 : 30th January 2010
    Test center allotment and announcement to candidates : by 15th February 2010
    Candidates to reserve Test dates : 18th Feb. – 10th March 2010
    Candidates to download the Hall tickets with instructions : 10th April – 30th April 2010
    
    BITSAT 2010 Online tests :10th May – 10th June 2010
    Candidates to apply for admission with 12th marks and
    preferences to Degree programmers : 20th May – 30th June 2010
    Admit List and Wait List announcement (BITSAT 2010 Result Date) : 1st July 2010
    Test Format
    BITSAT-2010 will be of total 3-hour duration (without break). The test consists of four parts:
    Part I: Physics
    Part II : Chemistry
    Part III:
    • English Proficiency and
    • Logical Reasoning
    
    Part IV : Mathematics
    All questions are of objective type (multiple choice questions); each question with choice of four answers, only one being correct choice. Each correct answer fetches 3 marks, while each incorrect answer has a penalty of 1 mark. No marks are awarded for not attempted questions. While the candidate can skip a question, the computer will not allow the candidate to choose more than one option as correct answer.
    There will be 150 questions in all. The number of questions in each part is as follows:
    

    	Subject	No of questions
    Part I	Physics	40
    Part II	Chemistry	40
    Part III	A. English Proficiency B. Logical Reasoning	15 10
    Part IV	Mathematics	45
    	Total:	150

    
    
    How to Apply for BITSAT 2010
    Interested candidates should register their names for BITSAT-2010 by applying in the prescribed application form online. Complete the application form Online at www.bitsadmission.com and take the print out of the filled form. The completed application form alongwith the prescribed fees of Rs. 1000/- (Rs. 500/- for female candidates) should be sent to Admissions Officer, BITS, Pilani – 333 031. Details for payment of fees are available at the website while applying online.
    For more details visit : http://www.bitsadmission.com
    
    Top
    
    
    
17. IIST Admission Test (ISAT-2010)
    
    The admissions to the Undergraduate Programmes (B.Tech) at IIST for the year 2010 are made through the ISAT-2010.
    Available B-tech programmes
    
    • B.Tech Avionics
    • B.Tech Physical Sciences
    • Z,B.Tech in Aerospace Engineering
    
    HOW TO APPLY FOR ISAT-2010
    Candidates can apply on-line only. The online application form will be available from 10:00 AM on 21_st December 2009 to 11:30 PM on 31^st January 2010 in the IIST
    website: http://www.iist.ac.in and the alternate link www.isac.gov.in/iist/.
    The examination will be held on Friday, the April 16, 2010 as per details given below:
    Paper-I: 10:00 AM - 12:00 Noon (IST)
    Paper-II: 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM (IST)z,
    The schedule will remain unaltered even if the above date is declared a public holiday
    
    Type of examination
    There will be two question papers, each of two hours duration. Both the question papers will be of objective type and will consist of three separate sections on Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics. The detailed syllabus based on which ISAT-2010 will be conducted, for the three subjects, namely, Chemistry, Mathematics and Physics will be included in the ISAT - 2010 Brochure which will be available in ISAT-2010 webpage from 21st December, 2009.
    Student desirous of taking entrance test ISAT-2010 shall have to pay examination fee as under:
    GEN/OBC male candidates : Rs.500
    SC/ST/PD and for all female candidates : Rs.250
    The examination fee should be in the form of Demand Draft drawn on www.iist.ac.in/IIST/ in favour of The Registrar, IIST, payable at Thiruvananthapuram
    For more details visit : www.iist.ac.in
    
    Top
    
    
    
18. AIEEE 2010 NOTIFICATION
    
    last date 31 december 2009
    All India Engineering Entrance Examination for admissions in B.E./B.Tech and B.Arch/B.Planning in various national level institutes like NITs, IIITs, deemed universities, government funded institutions and states like Haryana and Uttrakhand will be held on 25th April, 2010 all over India and abroad.
    
    ELIGIBILITY:
    The minimum academic qualification for admission through AIEEE 2010 is a pass in the final examination of 10+2 (Class XII) or its equivalent referred to as the qualifying examination. Those appearing in 10+2 (Class XII) final or equivalent examination may also appear in AIEEE 2010 for consideration of provisional admission. Those appearing in 10+2 (Class 12) in 2011 are not eligible to appear in AIEEE-2010.
    Subject c ombinations required in the qualifying examination for admission to B.E./B.Tech. and B. Arch./B. Planning Courses shall be as under:
    

    Course	Compulsory	Anyone of the Optional Subjects
    B.E/B.TECH*	Physics & Mathematics	Chemistry Bio-technology Computer Science Biology
    B.ARCH/B. PLANNING**	Mathematics with 50% marks in aggregate at 10+2 level B. Logical Reasoning

    
    The number of attempts which a candidate can avail at All India Engineering/Architecture Entrance Examination shall be limited to 03(three) uniformly for all the candidates in consecutive years. The candidates passed +2 to exam in 2008, 2009 or appearing in +2 in 2010 are only eligible to appear in AIEEE-2010.
    Candidates passed +2 in 2007 or before or appearing in 2011 are not eligible to appear in AIEEE-2010.
    
    Important information at a glance
    

    1.a	Date of Examination	25.04.2010
    b.	Sale of AIEEE Information Bulletin containing Application Form	01.12.2009 to 31.12.2009
    c.	Online submission of application on website: www.aieee.nic.in	16.11.2009 to 31.12.2009
    2.	Last date for
    a.	Receipt of request for Information Bulletin and Application Form by Post at AIEEE Unit,CBSE,PS1-2, Institutional Area,IP Extension,Patparganj, Delhi-110092	10.12.2009
    b.	Sale of Information Bulletin at designated branches of Syndicate Bank, Regional Offices of the CBSE and designated institutions	31.12.2009
    c.	Online submission of applications	31.12.2009
    d.	Receipt of complete applications "by post" including Registration Forms with Bank Draft at AIEEE Unit, CBSE, PS1-2, Institutional Area,IP Extension, Patparganj,Delhi-110092	5.01.2010
    3	Date of dispatch of Admit Card	10.03.2010 to 31.03.2010
    4	Issue/dispatch of duplicate admit card(on request only with fee of Rs. 50/- + postal charges of Rs. 30/- extra for out station candidate.	10.04.2010 to 25.04.2010 (By Hand) 10.04.2010 to 20.04.2010 (By Post)
    5	Dates of Examination	PAPER – 1 25.04.2010 (0930-1230 hrs) PAPER – 2 25.04.2010 (1400-1700 hrs)
    6	Centre of Examination	As indicated on the Admit Card
    7	Declaration of Results	On or before 07.06.2010
    8	Dispatch of Score Cards	12.06.2010 to 27.06.2010
    9	Issue/Dispatch of duplicate score cards (on request only with fee of Rs. 50/-. Postal charges of Rs. 30/- extra for outstation candidate)	09.07.2010 to 31.08.2

    
    
    Schedule of AIEEE 2010 Examination
    

    Dates of Examination	Paper	Subjects	Timings	Duration
    25.04.2010	Paper	Physics, Chemistry & Mathematics	0930-1230 Hours	3 Hours
    25.04.2010	Paper 2	Mathematics-Part I Aptitude Test-PartII & Drawing Test-Part III	1400-1700 Hours	3 Hours

    
    FOR MORE DETAILS LOG ON TO: www.aieee.nic.in.
    Top
    
    
    
19. KERALA ENTRANCE EXAMINATIONS FOR ADMISSION TO ENGINEERING COURSES - 2010
    
    Eligibility :
    Candidates who have passed Higher Secondary Examination, Kerala or examinations recognized as equivalent thereto, with 50% marks in Mathematics separately, and 50% marks in Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry/Bio-technology/ Computer Science/Biology put together are eligible for admission. Candidates having Three year Diploma in Engineering awarded by the Board of Technical Examinations, Kerala or equivalent, having 50% marks in the final Diploma examination, are also eligible for admission. However, these Diploma holders are not eligible for admission to the Engineering courses offered by Kerala Agricultural University.
    
    Important Dates
    Schedule for the Entrance Examinations:
    Engineering Entrance Examination (For Engineering courses except Architecture)
    19.04.2010 Monday 10.00 A.M. to 12.30 P.M. Paper-I : Physics & Chemistry.
    20.04.2010 Tuesday 10.00 A.M. to 12.30 P.M. Paper-II: Mathematics.
    
    Application Form Deadlines
    The Application form and Prospectus will be distributed from 10 am on 07.12.2009 to 06.01.2010 through selected branches of Post Offices in Kerala and outside the State.The amount towards the fee of application is to be remitted in cash at the Post Offices. The list of Post Offices, selected as sales centres, is appended separately. Check out List of Post offices for KEAM 2010 Application Forms
    
    Application Forms will not be available by post or sold from the office of the Commissioner for Entrance Examinations.
    Last date and time for receipt of filled in Application Forms : The filled in Application Form along with the OMR DATA SHEET and other relevant documents, to be submitted with the Application Form, are to be sent in the printed envelope bearing the address of the Commissioner for Entrance Examinations supplied along with the application form, so as to reach him before 5 p.m. on 06.01.2010 (Wednesday), by Hand Delivery/Registered Post/Speed Post. Completed Applications will be received in the Office of the Commissioner for Entrance Examinations on holidays also.
    
    For more details visit : http://www.cee-kerala.org
    
    Top
    
    
    
20. AMRITA VISHWA VIDYAPEETHAM ENTRANCE EXAMINATION-ENGINEERING-2010
    
    Eligibility conditions
    Age: Candidates shall be born on or after 01st July, 1989 ly in mathematics, physics and chemistry or a three year diploma in engineering with minimum 60% marks, awarded by any state board of technical education Note - Those who appear for the above examinations in April/May 2010 and expect to secure minimum marks as above, may also apply
    
    Important dates
    Sale of application form begins on: 21.12.2009 (Monday)
    Sale of application form closes on: 27.03.2010 (Saturday)
    Last date for submission of application: 30.03.2010 (Tuesday)
    For list of branches in other states, visit: www.amrita.edu
    
    Top
    
    
    
21. VITEEE
    
    Eligibility:
    Candidates born on or after 1st July 1988 are eligible to apply for VITEEE-2010. They should have studied in regular, full-time, formal stream in the school
    A pass in 10+2 or its equivalent with a minimum average of 60% of marks in physics, chemistry and mathematics or biology (PCM/PCB)
    A pass in 10+2 or its equivalent with 50% average marks in physics, chemistry and mathematics or biology (PCM/PCB) for candidates belonging to SC/ST, students hailing from Jammu and Kashmir and from the North eastern states of Assam, Meghalaya, Manipur, Tripura, Sikkim, Nagaland, Mizoram and Arunachal Pradesh Physics, chemistry and mathematics (PCM) candidates are eligible for all the programmes Physics, chemistry and Biology (PCB) candidates are eligible only for B.Tech Bioinformatics, Bio-medical engineering and Biotechnology programmes.
    Candidates appearing for the 10+2 examination in March/April 2010 are also eligible to apply
    
    last date of receipt of application 20-2-1010
    For more details VIT website: www.vit.ac.in
    
    Top
    
    
    
22. EAMCET
    
    Engineering Agriculture and Medicine Common Entrance Test is conducted by JNT University on behalf of APSCHE. This examination is the gateway for entry into various professional courses offered in Government/Private Colleges in Andhra Pradesh. The professional courses offered are:< br/>
    Agriculture and Medical Category
    
    • B.V.Sc. & A.H.
    • B.Sc. (Ag.)
    • B.Sc.(Hort.)
    • B.Sc(CA&BM)
    • B.F.Sc.
    • B.Tech (Food Science and Tech) (Bi.P.C)
    • B.Sc (Commercial Agri. & Business Mgt) (Bi.P.C)
    • MBBS
    • BDS
    • BAMS
    • BHMS
    • BNYS
    • B.Pharm (Bi.P.C.).
    • B.Tech. (Bio-Technology)
    • Pharm-D (Doctor of Pharmacy)
    
    Engineering Category
    
    • B.E.
    • B.Tech
    • B.Pharm(M.P.C.)
    • B.Tech (Ag.Engg.)
    • B.Tech. (Dairy)
    • B.Tech (FS & T)
    • B.Sc (CA & BM).
    • Pharm-D (Doctor of Pharmacy)
    
    TENTATIVE DATES:
    Date of Notification : February
    Modes of Submission : POSTAL AND ONLINE
    EXAMINATION : MAY
    
    TEST PATTERN
    FOR ENGINEERING:
    The test consists of 3 sections with a total of 160 objective type questions each carrying 1-mark.
    1. Mathematics - 80 Questions- 80 Marks
    2. Physics - 40 Questions- 40 Marks
    3. Chemistry - 40 Questions- 40 Marks
    
    FOR MEDICAL:
    1. BOTANY/ZOOLOGY - 80 Questions- 80 Marks
    2. Physics - 40 Questions- 40 Marks
    3. Chemistry - 40 Questions- 40 Marks
    
    QUALIFYING MARKS FOR EAMCET – 2009
    1. The qualifying percentage of marks in the Entrance Test is 25% i.e. 40 out of a total 160.
    For SC and ST, no minimum qualifying mark is prescribed.
    2 .For admission into MBBS/BDS courses on the basis of EAMCET entrance examination, a candidate for admission must have obtained not less than 50% marks in Physics, Chemistry, Biology taken together both at qualifying and EAMCET examination. In respect of candidates belonging to SC/ST/BC must have obtained not less than 40% marks in Physics, Chemistry and Biology taken together both at qualifying and EAMCET examination.
    For more details please visit : http://www.apeamcet.org/
    
    Top
    
    
    
23. BCECE
    
    The Bihar Combined Entrance Competitive Examination Board (BCECEB) conducts Combined Competitive Entrance Examinations (BCECE) for admission in Graduate level Vocational Courses in Engineering, Medical and Agricultural streams available in the Universities, Colleges and Institutions of the State of Bihar as well as those situated outside Bihar against State Quota seats.
    
    Courses:
    Engineering / Pharmacy Stream : Degree Courses in the Govt. /Govt. Recognised Technical Institutions of Bihar and Technical Institutions outside Bihar (State Quota).
    Medical Stream :MBBS/ BDS/ BAMS/ BHMS/ BUMS/ B.Ph.T./ B.Th.O. in Government Colleges of Bihar and in other similar courses of this stream.
    Agriculture Stream : Degree Courses of Rajendra Agricultural University, Pusa.
    
    TENTATIVE DATES:
    Date of Notification : November/December
    Modes of Submission : General Post/Speed Post
    EXAMINATION : Exam will be conducted in two stages: first stage of exam will be in the month of January and second stage of exam in the month of May/June.
    Selection is made on merit in BCECE.
    
    TEST PATTERN
    FOR ENGINEERING: Three papers of Physics, Chemistry and Maths for Engineering of 1 hour duration each.
    FOR MEDICAL: Three papers of Physics, Chemistry and Biology for Medical stream of 1 hour duration each.
    Address for communication:
    
    • BCECE Board
    • IAS Association Building
    • Near Patna Airport
    • Patna - 800 014
    • Ph: (612) 222-0230,
    • Fax: (612) 222-5387
    • info@bceceb.org
    
    For more details please visit: http://www.bceceb.org
    
    Top
    
    
    
24. Combined Entrance Examination CEE
    
    The University of Delhi will hold the Combined Entrance Examination (CEE) for admission to First Semester of Bachelor of Engineering Courses. for DELHI REGION candidates passing from Schools / Colleges / Institute located within the National Capital Territory of Delhi in Delhi
    For Outside Delhi Region 15% seats are allotted through AIEEE. It also invites applications from the candidates who have appeared in AIEEE and have been declared eligible for central counseling by CBSE for admission into B.E courses.
    
    Courses offered:
    Programmes Offered in B.E
    Delhi College of Engineering (DCE)
    
    1. Biotechnology
    2. Civil Engineering
    3. Computer Engineering
    4. Electrical Engineering
    5. Electronics & Communication Engineering
    6. Environmental Engineering
    7. Information Technology
    8. Mechanical Engineering
    9. Polymer Science and Chemical Technology
    10. Production and Industrial Engineering
    
    Netaji Subhas Institute of Technology NSIT:
    
    1. Electronics & Communication-120
    2. Electrical-90
    3. Mechanical-120
    4. Civil-70
    5. Production & lndustrial-30
    6. Computer-90
    7. Polymer Science & Chemical Technology-40
    8. Environmental-30
    9. Information Technology-60
    10. Bio-technology-20
    
    TENTATIVE DATES:
    Date of Notification : March
    Modes of Submission : POSTAL
    EXAMINATION : MAY
    ADMISSIONS : AUGUST
    
    Test Pattern:
    The test consists of 3- sections, Objective type questions, : 240 marks:
    1.Mathematics
    2.Physics
    3.Chemsitry
    All Enquiries regarding CEE -2008 can be directed to
    Faculty of Technology (University of Delhi) ,
    Room No. HCFF - 13, First Floor (Health Centre)
    Delhi College of Engineering (New Campus)
    Bawana Road, Delhi - 110042
    Phone : (011) 27871267
    For more details please visit: dce.ac.in/cee/
    
    Top
    
    
    
25. GUJCET
    
    GSEB (Gujarat State Education Board), Government of Gujarat conducts a Common Entrance Test for admission to Medical, B.E / B.Tech Courses in Engineering and Diploma / Degree Pharmacy courses in colleges in the Gujarat state.
    Admission to courses will be based on 40% of Gujarat Common Entrance Test (GUJCET) score and 60% of 12th Marks. For admission to MBBS, 70% marks in 12th class and also marks of either PCM (without practicals) or PCB (without practicals) are considered, so effective weightage is somewhere between 21-28% for GUJCET Exam.
    
    TEST PATTERN:
    GUJCET is conducted in three mediums including English, Hindi, and Guajarati. It consists of three sections: Each section consists of 40 questions and time allotted is 60 minutes.
    
    FOR ENGINEERING: The test consists of 3 sections
    1. Mathematics
    2. Physics
    3. Chemistry
    FOR MEDICAL: The test consists of 3 sections
    1. BOTANY/ZOOLOGY
    2. Physics
    3. Chemistry
    
    TENTATIVE DATES:
    Date of Notification : 1st to 2nd January 2010
    Last date of Submission : 18th January 2010
    Mode of Submission : Postal
    EXAMINATION : 8th April, 2010 (Thursday)
    ADMISSIONS : AUGUST
    
    Address for communication:
    Assistant Secretary, Gujarat Common Entrance Test Cell,
    Gujarat Secondary and Higher Secondary Education Board,
    Sector 10/b, Near Old Sachivalaya,
    Gandhinagar 382 010
    For more details please visit: www.gseb.org/gseb/default.aspx
    
    Top
    
    
    
26. GCET
    
    GCET is a Common Entrance Test conducted by the Directorate of Technical Education, Government of Goa for the candidates seeking admission to first year of professional degree courses in Medicine, Dentistry, Engineering, Pharmacy and Architecture and Homoeopathy.
    Courses Offered are:
    
    TEST PATTERN: The test consists of three sections; each section consists of 75 Objective type questions.
    FOR ENGINEERING: The test consists of 3 sections: Duration: Two hours.
    1. Mathematics -75 Questions
    2. Physics -75 Questions
    3. Chemistry -75 Questions
    FOR MEDICAL: The test consists of 3 sections
    1. BIOLOGY -75 Questions
    2. Physics -75 Questions
    3. Chemistry -75 Questions
    
    TENTATIVE DATES:
    Date of Notification : January
    Mode of Submission : Postal
    EXAMINATION : MAY
    www.dtegoa.gov.in/cad2009/prosp/gcet2009.pdf
    
    Top
    
    
    
27. Haryana Common Engineering Entrance Test CEET
    
    CEET was conducted by Haryana state for B.E/B.TECH courses. But now it has stopped conducting CEET and decided to allot the seats based on the candidate's scores in AIEEE.
    
    Top
    
    
    
28. JCECEB
    
    JCECEB (Jharkhand Combined Entrance Competitive Examination Board) is conducted by JCECEB board for admissions into first year degree in engineering, medical science, dentistry, pharmacy, veterinary science , agriculture science, fishery, dairy, forestry of the graduate standard and includes any other course of the same nature
    
    Courses Offered:
    
    • BE - Bachelor of Engineering
    • MBBS- Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery BDS - Bachelor of Dental Surgery
    • BVSc & AH- Bachelor of VeterinaryScience & Animal Husbandry
    • BSc Ag - Bachelor of Science Agriculture
    • BSc (Forestry) - Bachelor of Science Forestry
    
    TEST PATTERN:
    The test will be held in two stages
    
    1. Preliminary
    2. Final examination.
    
    The test is of objective type. It consists of single paper, which is divided into four parts
    
    1. Mathematics,
    2. Physics
    3. Chemistry
    4. Biology.
    
    Exam Duration: 2 ½ hrs
    No. of Questions: 200 Questions.
    Based on the marks secured by the candidates in the preliminary examination, a separate list of the engineering and medical candidates is prepared after evaluation.
    Candidates who qualify in the preliminary examination are eligible to appear in the final examination.
    The final examination consist 2 parts:
    First part consist of physics and chemistry : 100 questions :Duration:3 Hrs in a single paper.
    Second part consists of Biology ( For Medical ) and Maths (For Engineering) exams.100 questions : Duration: 1 ½ hr.
    
    TENTATIVE DATES:
    Date of Notification : March
    Mode of Submission : Postal
    EXAMINATION : May
    
    CONTACT ADDRESS:
    JCECE Board
    Engineer's Hostel, Near Gol Chakkar
    Sector-III, HEC Dhurwa,
    Ranchi-834004
    www.jharkhand.gov.in/jceceb/
    
    Top
    
    
    
29. Karnataka Common Entrance Test CET.
    
    Karnataka Common Entrance Test(CET) is conducted by Karnataka state Board for admissions into First year of full time courses in Medical, Dental, Indian systems of Medicine and Homeopathy,Engineering/Technology Courses in colleges within the State of Karnataka .
    
    TEST PATTERN
    The Test will be held in three different sessions for four subjects i.e.,
    First session
    
    • Physics and Chemistry:120 marks (60 each for Physics and Chemistry) : 150 minutes duration Second Session
      For Engineering
    • Mathematics : 60 marks : 80 minutes duration For Medical:
    • Biology : 60 marks: 80 minutes duration .
      TENTATIVE DATES:
      Date of Notification : February
      Mode of Submission : Postal
      EXAMINATION : 28-04-2010 and 29-04-2010
      
      Contact Address
      The Executive Director,
      Karnataka Examinations Authority, Bangalore",
      For more details please visit: kea.kar.nic.in